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Fiber Optic Pipeline Monitoring Technology
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Overview

Fiber Optic Pipeline Monitoring Technology in the Oil and Gas Industry：This technology utilizes fiber optic cables as the sensing elements to continuously monitor the condition of oil and gas pipelines. The fiber optic cables are typically installed along the exterior of the pipeline, allowing for real-time detection of parameters such as strain, temperature, and vibration affecting the pipeline infrastructure.When the pipeline experiences external forces or changes in the internal fluid medium, these effects are transmitted to the fiber optic cables. This causes variations in the optical signals traveling through the fibers. By detecting and analyzing these changes in the optical signals, the monitoring system can achieve real-time assessment and evaluation of the pipeline's status and integrity.The distributed, continuous nature of this fiber optic sensing approach is a key advantage. Any anomalies or changes in the pipeline conditions can be quickly identified and localized through the interpretation of the optical signal data. This enables proactive pipeline integrity management, allowing operators to detect and address issues before they escalate into larger problems.Fiber optic pipeline monitoring is a valuable tool for enhancing the safety, reliability, and operational efficiency of oil and gas pipeline networks. The real-time data provided by this technology is critical for informed decision-making in pipeline construction, operation, and maintenance activities.

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Excellent Corrosion Resistance: The fiber optic cables are well-suited for long-term use in harsh environments, with high corrosion resistance.


Monitoring of Pipelines in Complex Terrain: The fiber optic sensors can effectively monitor the condition of natural gas pipelines traversing challenging terrains like mountainous areas and river crossings.


High Sensitivity to Physical Changes: Fiber optics exhibit high sensitivity to changes in parameters like temperature, pressure, and strain, enabling real-time detection of minor pipeline deformations or anomalies.


Distributed, Long-Range Monitoring Capability: A single distributed fiber optic monitoring system can cover pipeline lengths of tens or even hundreds of kilometers. By networking multiple monitoring stations, the system can handle surveillance of thousands of kilometers of pipeline.


Continuous, Comprehensive Pipeline Status Tracking: The fiber optic cables can be deployed along the entire pipeline length, providing distributed, real-time data on the condition at various locations.


Early Leak and Failure Detection: The continuous monitoring enables early identification of safety risks like pipeline leaks and ruptures, reducing the probability of major incidents.Integration with Automation Systems: The fiber optic monitoring can be integrated with automated control systems, enabling intelligent monitoring, alarm functions, and improved management efficiency.
Fiber optic pipeline monitoring technology, with its high precision, wide coverage, real-time monitoring, long-term stability, and strong adaptability, has been applied in the monitoring and assessment of various pipeline systems, including oil and gas pipelines, water supply pipelines, and district heating pipelines.In the oil and gas industry, fiber optic pipeline monitoring technology can be used to detect issues such as pipeline leaks, corrosion, and deformation. In the water supply industry, it can be utilized to monitor pipeline leakage and damage. In the district heating industry, it can be employed to evaluate the insulation performance and heat loss of pipelines.Salt water pipeline leakage monitoring case.
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Permanently Installed Fiber Optic Monitoring Technology for Upstream Oil and Gas Applications
Permanently Installed Fiber Optic Monitoring Technology for Oil and Gas Pipelines：This technology involves installing pressure sensor housings, known as pressure gauge mandrels, directly on the oil/gas production tubing. Fiber optic cables are then bundled and attached along the length of the production tubing as it is run into the well.The fiber optic cable itself serves as the sensing element, effectively deploying a distributed sensor network along the entire wellbore. The fiber optic system transmits pressure, temperature, and acoustic signals from the downhole environment to the surface, enabling real-time, continuous, and long-term monitoring of changes in downhole pressure, temperature, and acoustics.By comprehensively analyzing the data collected, operators can obtain critical information about the injection/production profile of the oil/gas well, as well as the integrity of the wellbore. This technology is highly valuable for the precise management and optimization of oil and gas production operations.
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Fiber-Optic Interwell Hydraulic Fracturing Monitoring Technology
The fiber-optic interwell hydraulic fracturing monitoring technology combines coiled tubing technology and fiber-optic sensing technology. By embedding distributed fiber-optic sensors (DTS/DAS) within the coiled tubing, the tubing can be deployed into an offset/adjacent well. The fiber-optic sensors can then capture the low-frequency strain signals and microseismic signals generated during the fracturing process, enabling real-time monitoring of the fracture development.The fiber-optic sensors have advantageous characteristics, such as high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and tolerance of high temperature and high pressure conditions. This allows them to precisely detect the subtle changes occurring during the fracturing operation.Furthermore, leveraging the advantages of distributed fiber-optic measurements, this technology enables continuous monitoring of the fracture network between the wells and provides 3D imaging. This data supports the evaluation of fracturing effectiveness and provides valuable information for subsequent field development.
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Fiber Optic CCUS Monitoring Technology
Fiber-Optic CCUS Monitoring Technology is an advanced technique that utilizes fiber optic sensors to monitor relevant parameters during the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) process. By measuring changes in the optical signals within the fibers, this technology can monitor the distribution, migration, and physical parameter changes of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the underground storage reservoirs.Specifically, Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and Distributed Pressure Sensing (DPS) are used to monitor changes in temperature and pressure within the storage formations, while Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is used to detect microseismic events caused by CO2 injection, allowing real-time monitoring of the CO2 plume front migration.This technology harnesses the high sensitivity, long-distance monitoring capabilities, and corrosion resistance of fiber optic sensing, providing critical safeguards for the safe and efficient operation of CCUS projects.
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Fiber optic profiling/injection profiling monitoring
Optical Fiber Distributed Sensing for Production/Injection Profiling.This technology involves deploying steel wire-armored optical fibers into the target zone via carriers such as coiled tubing or conventional tubing, or by utilizing their own weight. The optical fiber itself acts as the sensor, eliminating the need for additional downhole logging instruments. By measuring backscattered light, the system detects temperature, acoustic signals, and other data along the optical fiber in the wellbore. Through real-time iterative processing, this data is analyzed to monitor production/injection profiles, enabling the assessment of the contribution of each interval in the oil and gas well."
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Optical fiber leak finding monitoring technology
Fiber optic leak detection monitoring technology primarily utilizes distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to provide real-time, accurate reconstruction of downhole vibrations for evaluating wellbore integrity. It employs a combination of DAS and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to identify and pinpoint specific leakage locations through cross-validation. Fluid flow generates noise due to vibrations of the fluid itself and the surrounding medium. The amplitude of sound energy is related to flow rate, with higher flow rates producing greater energy. The frequency of sound energy correlates with the flow path; smaller paths result in higher frequencies.
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Optical fiber water monitoring technology
Water detection monitoring technology using distributed fiber optic sensing (DTS/DTSS) employs fiber optics as sensing elements to achieve continuous distributed temperature measurement within oil and gas wells. This technology leverages the principle that water-bearing formations and oil/gas-bearing formations exhibit different temperature characteristics (e.g., cooling due to water injection or naturally lower temperatures in aquifers). By analyzing the high-resolution temperature distribution profile, the location of water-bearing zones can be inferred. Additionally, by integrating the strain measurement capabilities of fiber optics (such as DTSS), changes in formation stress can be analyzed to further assist in assessing the dynamics of water-bearing formations.
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Permanent Downhole Fiber Optic Monitoring Technology
This technology involves placing the fiber optic cable outside the casing and lowering it into the well. In the horizontal section, a Magnetic Orientation Tool (MOT) and a directional perforating tool are used to avoid interference. The continuous coiled tubing conveyed fracturing process is used to implement segmented sand fracturing.During the fracturing process, the fiber optic cable continuously monitors the fluid intake and proppant injection volumes for each fracturing cluster in the horizontal section, allowing evaluation of the performance of each fracturing stage.After production starts, the fiber optic cable periodically collects temperature, acoustics, and pressure data, which are used to interpret the production performance of each zone and provide a reliable basis for optimizing the parameters.
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