Permanently Installed Fiber Optic Monitoring Technology for Oil and Gas Pipelines:This technology involves installing pressure sensor housings, known as pressure gauge mandrels, directly on the oil/gas production tubing. Fiber optic cables are then bundled and attached along the length of the production tubing as it is run into the well.The fiber optic cable itself serves as the sensing element, effectively deploying a distributed sensor network along the entire wellbore. The fiber optic system transmits pressure, temperature, and acoustic signals from the downhole environment to the surface, enabling real-time, continuous, and long-term monitoring of changes in downhole pressure, temperature, and acoustics.By comprehensively analyzing the data collected, operators can obtain critical information about the injection/production profile of the oil/gas well, as well as the integrity of the wellbore. This technology is highly valuable for the precise management and optimization of oil and gas production operations.