Permanently Installed Fiber Optic Monitoring Technology for Oil and Gas Pipelines：This technology involves installing pressure sensor housings, known as pressure gauge mandrels, directly on the oil/gas production tubing. Fiber optic cables are then bundled and attached along the length of the production tubing as it is run into the well.The fiber optic cable itself serves as the sensing element, effectively deploying a distributed sensor network along the entire wellbore. The fiber optic system transmits pressure, temperature, and acoustic signals from the downhole environment to the surface, enabling real-time, continuous, and long-term monitoring of changes in downhole pressure, temperature, and acoustics.By comprehensively analyzing the data collected, operators can obtain critical information about the injection/production profile of the oil/gas well, as well as the integrity of the wellbore. This technology is highly valuable for the precise management and optimization of oil and gas production operations.

The fiber-optic interwell hydraulic fracturing monitoring technology combines coiled tubing technology and fiber-optic sensing technology. By embedding distributed fiber-optic sensors (DTS/DAS) within the coiled tubing, the tubing can be deployed into an offset/adjacent well. The fiber-optic sensors can then capture the low-frequency strain signals and microseismic signals generated during the fracturing process, enabling real-time monitoring of the fracture development.The fiber-optic sensors have advantageous characteristics, such as high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and tolerance of high temperature and high pressure conditions. This allows them to precisely detect the subtle changes occurring during the fracturing operation.Furthermore, leveraging the advantages of distributed fiber-optic measurements, this technology enables continuous monitoring of the fracture network between the wells and provides 3D imaging. This data supports the evaluation of fracturing effectiveness and provides valuable information for subsequent field development.

Optical Fiber Distributed Sensing for Production/Injection Profiling.This technology involves deploying steel wire-armored optical fibers into the target zone via carriers such as coiled tubing or conventional tubing, or by utilizing their own weight. The optical fiber itself acts as the sensor, eliminating the need for additional downhole logging instruments. By measuring backscattered light, the system detects temperature, acoustic signals, and other data along the optical fiber in the wellbore. Through real-time iterative processing, this data is analyzed to monitor production/injection profiles, enabling the assessment of the contribution of each interval in the oil and gas well."

Fiber Optic Pipeline Monitoring Technology in the Oil and Gas Industry：This technology utilizes fiber optic cables as the sensing elements to continuously monitor the condition of oil and gas pipelines. The fiber optic cables are typically installed along the exterior of the pipeline, allowing for real-time detection of parameters such as strain, temperature, and vibration affecting the pipeline infrastructure.When the pipeline experiences external forces or changes in the internal fluid medium, these effects are transmitted to the fiber optic cables. This causes variations in the optical signals traveling through the fibers. By detecting and analyzing these changes in the optical signals, the monitoring system can achieve real-time assessment and evaluation of the pipeline's status and integrity.The distributed, continuous nature of this fiber optic sensing approach is a key advantage. Any anomalies or changes in the pipeline conditions can be quickly identified and localized through the interpretation of the optical signal data. This enables proactive pipeline integrity management, allowing operators to detect and address issues before they escalate into larger problems.Fiber optic pipeline monitoring is a valuable tool for enhancing the safety, reliability, and operational efficiency of oil and gas pipeline networks. The real-time data provided by this technology is critical for informed decision-making in pipeline construction, operation, and maintenance activities.

Fiber optic leak detection monitoring technology primarily utilizes distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to provide real-time, accurate reconstruction of downhole vibrations for evaluating wellbore integrity. It employs a combination of DAS and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to identify and pinpoint specific leakage locations through cross-validation. Fluid flow generates noise due to vibrations of the fluid itself and the surrounding medium. The amplitude of sound energy is related to flow rate, with higher flow rates producing greater energy. The frequency of sound energy correlates with the flow path; smaller paths result in higher frequencies.

Water detection monitoring technology using distributed fiber optic sensing (DTS/DTSS) employs fiber optics as sensing elements to achieve continuous distributed temperature measurement within oil and gas wells. This technology leverages the principle that water-bearing formations and oil/gas-bearing formations exhibit different temperature characteristics (e.g., cooling due to water injection or naturally lower temperatures in aquifers). By analyzing the high-resolution temperature distribution profile, the location of water-bearing zones can be inferred. Additionally, by integrating the strain measurement capabilities of fiber optics (such as DTSS), changes in formation stress can be analyzed to further assist in assessing the dynamics of water-bearing formations.

This technology involves placing the fiber optic cable outside the casing and lowering it into the well. In the horizontal section, a Magnetic Orientation Tool (MOT) and a directional perforating tool are used to avoid interference. The continuous coiled tubing conveyed fracturing process is used to implement segmented sand fracturing.During the fracturing process, the fiber optic cable continuously monitors the fluid intake and proppant injection volumes for each fracturing cluster in the horizontal section, allowing evaluation of the performance of each fracturing stage.After production starts, the fiber optic cable periodically collects temperature, acoustics, and pressure data, which are used to interpret the production performance of each zone and provide a reliable basis for optimizing the parameters.